ISBN
979-13-87837-05-1
Fecha de publicación
10-06-2025
Licencia
D. R. © copyright 2025. Francisco Ernesto Navarrete Báez; Belkis Coromoto Sulbaran Rangel.
Portada
Nadine Rivera Larios
Braulio Alan Castro Solano
Tecnológico Nacional de México
0009-0007-0444-1881
María Fernanda Chagoyán-Bernardo
Tecnológico Nacional de México
0009-0000-6826-7957
Itzel Del Carmen Fonseca-Barrera
Tecnológico Nacional de México
0000-0003-3562-9899
Patricia Guillermina Mendoza García
Tecnológico Nacional de México
0000-0002-6084-7962
Carolina Peña Montes
Tecnológico Nacional de México
0000-0002-4767-1210
Acerca de
Los plásticos son materiales poliméricos sintéticos de alto peso utilizados en diversas áreas, principalmente para empaques de alimentos; lo cual genera cantidades inmensurables de residuos plásticos que terminan en el ambiente, provocando graves problemas de contaminación. Se estima que solo el 9 % de los residuos generados es reciclado y reutilizado en las cadenas de valor. Por lo tanto, se han generado diferentes alternativas tecnológicas para su transformación no convencional con el fin de reducir y aprovecharlos, entre las que se encuentran la conversión de plástico a energía. Un ejemplo es la pirólisis, que es un proceso de descomposición química en ausencia de oxígeno a una temperatura con un rango de 400 a 800 °C, donde se pueden utilizar catalizadores para mejorar la calidad de los productos obtenidos como aceites y gases.
El rendimiento y la calidad de los productos varía dependiendo del residuo plástico utilizado y del tipo de pirólisis (térmica o catalítica). Otra alternativa es la bioconversión de residuos plásticos a productos químicos de alto valor, donde el TPA contenido en PET puede ser transformado por biocatálisis en productos como PHA, PHB, ácido gálico, pirogalol, catecol, ácido mucónico y vanílico. En el caso del PP utilizando métodos térmicos y enzimáticos combinados se puede producir PHA y PHB con Cupriavidus necátor H16 y ácidos grasos como; esteárico, oleico, linolénico, palmítico y palmitoleico con Yarrowia lipolytica 78-003.
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