ISBN
Formato digital
979-13-88349-01-0
Fecha de publicación
27-04-2026
Licencia
D. R. © copyright 2026. Héctor Francisco Salazar Núñez, Miriam del Consuelo Flores Bañuelos y Francisco Venegas Martínez.
Todos los contenidos de esta obra se comparten bajo la licencia Creative Commons Atribución/Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Esto implica que no está autorizado el uso comercial de la obra original ni de las eventuales obras derivadas, las cuales deberán distribuirse bajo la misma licencia que rige la obra original. No obstante, se permite a terceros compartir el contenido siempre y cuando se reconozca debidamente la autoría y la publicación original en esta editorial.
Carlos Alberto Carrasco Sánchez
Universidad de Monterrey
0000-0002-5439-4960
Mónica Paola Balboa Villarreal
Universidad de Monterrey
0009-0004-3877-560X
Acerca de
La crisis climática hace imprescindible analizar los distintos factores que inciden en la degradación ambiental. Este estudio explora la posible existencia de una relación no lineal entre las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero –particularmente el CO2–, el crecimiento económico y el consumo de energías renovables mediante modelos de umbral discreto. Dentro de los gases de efecto invernadero, se ha puesto especial atención al CO2 por su contribución al calentamiento global y la estrecha relación con el consumo de combustibles fósiles utilizados para la producción. La estrategia empírica consta de dos enfoques complementarios. El primero considera una muestra de 115 países con distintos niveles de desarrollo; el segundo se enfoca en un análisis de dos grupos específicos: países de altos ingresos y países de ingresos medio-altos. El análisis muestra que, en los niveles de ingreso más bajos, el aumento del PIB per cápita y del consumo de energías renovables se asocian con una disminución en las emisiones de CO₂. No obstante, en los niveles de ingreso más altos, el PIB per cápita se asocia con mayores las emisiones, aunque el uso de energías renovables continúa manteniendo una relación negativa, lo que ayuda a mitigar el impacto ambiental.
Referencias
Adeleye, B. N., Soylu, Ö. B., Ergül, M., & Balsalobre-Lorente, D. (2025). Reintroducing evidence of the role of energy usage dynamics on environmental management in E7 countries. Journal of Environmental Management, 386, 125667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125667
Antonakakis, N., Chatziantoniou, I., & Filis, G. (2017). Energy consumption, CO 2 emissions, and economic growth: An ethical dilemma. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68, 808–824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.105
Arango Miranda, R., Hausler, R., Romero Lopez, R., Glaus, M., & Pasillas-Diaz, J. R. (2020). Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in North America’s Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Countries. Energies, 13(12), 3104. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13123104
Aruga, K. (2019). Investigating the Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for the Asia-Pacific Region. Sustainability, 11(8), 2395. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082395
Aswathanarayana, U., Harikrishnan, T., & Kadher-Mohien, T. S. (Eds.). (2010). Green Energy (0 ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b10163
Aydoğan, B., & Vardar, G. (2020). Evaluating the role of renewable energy, economic growth and agriculture on CO2 emission in E7 countries. International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 39(4), 335–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2019.1686380
Azhar Khan, M., Zahir Khan, M., Zaman, K., & Naz, L. (2014). Global estimates of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, 336–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.091
Bai, J., & Perron, P. (1998). Estimating and Testing Linear Models with Multiple Structural Changes. Econometrica, 66(1), 47. https://doi.org/10.2307/2998540
Balsalobre-Lorente, D., Shahbaz, M., Murshed, M., & Nuta, F. M. (2023). Environmental impact of globalization: The case of central and Eastern European emerging economies. Journal of Environmental Management, 341, 118018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118018
Bekun, F. V., Gyamfi, B. A., Onifade, S. T., & Agboola, M. O. (2021). Beyond the environmental Kuznets Curve in E7 economies: Accounting for the combined impacts of institutional quality and renewables. Journal of Cleaner Production, 314, 127924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127924
Blazquez, J., Fuentes, R., & Manzano, B. (2020). On some economic principles of the energy transition. Energy Policy, 147, 111807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111807
Boutaud, A., Gondran, N., & Brodhag, C. (2006). (Local) environmental quality versus (global) ecological carrying capacity: What might alternative aggregated indicators bring to the debates about environmental Kuznets curves and sustainable development? International Journal of Sustainable Development, 9(3), 297. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsd.2006.012850
Buchholz, W., & Rübbelke, D. (2019). Foundations of Environmental Economics. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16268-9
Chinn, M. D., & Prasad, E. S. (2003). Medium-term determinants of current accounts in industrial and developing countries: An empirical exploration. Journal of International Economics, 59(1), 47–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(02)00089-2
Chu, L. K. (2021). Economic structure and environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: New evidence from economic complexity. Applied Economics Letters, 28(7), 612–616. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.1767280
Ciegis, R., Streimikiene, D., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2008). The use of the environmental Kuznets curve: Environmental and economic implications. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 33(2/3), 313. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2008.019401
Coburn, T. C., & Farhar, B. C. (2004). Public Reaction to Renewable Energy Sources and Systems. In Encyclopedia of Energy (pp. 207–222). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-176480-X/00462-9
Gómez, M., & Rodríguez, J. C. (2022). Analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve in the NAFTA Countries, 1971-2014. EconoQuantum, 57–79. https://doi.org/10.18381/eq.v17i2.7151
Granger, C. W. J., & Teräsvirta, T. (1993). Modelling nonlinear economic relationships. Oxford University Press.
Guo, X., & Shahbaz, M. (2024). The existence of environmental Kuznets curve: Critical look and future implications for environmental management. Journal of Environmental Management, 351, 119648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119648
Husnain, M. I. U., Haider, A., & Khan, M. A. (2021). Does the environmental Kuznets curve reliably explain a developmental issue? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(9), 11469–11485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11402-x
Idowu, A., Ohikhuare, O. M., & Chowdhury, M. A. (2023). Does industrialization trigger carbon emissions through energy consumption? Evidence from OPEC countries and high industrialised countries. Quantitative Finance and Economics, 7(1), 165–186. https://doi.org/10.3934/QFE.2023009
Jahanger, A., Yu, Y., Hossain, M. R., Murshed, M., Balsalobre-Lorente, D., & Khan, U. (2022). Going away or going green in NAFTA nations? Linking natural resources, energy utilization, and environmental sustainability through the lens of the EKC hypothesis. Resources Policy, 79, 103091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.103091
Kaika, D., & Zervas, E. (2013). The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) theory. Part B: Critical issues. Energy Policy, 62, 1403–1411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.07.130
Knight, K., & Schor, J. (2014). Economic Growth and Climate Change: A Cross-National Analysis of Territorial and Consumption-Based Carbon Emissions in High-Income Countries. Sustainability, 6(6), 3722–3731. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6063722
Maurya, P. K., Ali, S. A., Ahmad, A., Zhou, Q., Da Silva Castro, J., Khane, E., & Ali, A. (2020). An introduction to environmental degradation: Causes, consequence and mitigation. In Environmental Degradation: Causes and Remediation Strategies (pp. 1–20). Agro Environ Media – Agriculture and Ennvironmental Science Academy, Haridwar, India. https://doi.org/10.26832/aesa-2020-edcrs-01
Olabi, A. G., Elsaid, K., Obaideen, K., Abdelkareem, M. A., Rezk, H., Wilberforce, T., Maghrabie, H. M., & Sayed, E. T. (2023). Renewable energy systems: Comparisons, challenges and barriers, sustainability indicators, and the contribution to UN sustainable development goals. International Journal of Thermofluids, 20, 100498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2023.100498
Ritchie, H. (2023). How much CO2 can the world emit while keeping warming below 1.5°C and 2°C? Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/how-much-co2-can-the-world-emit-while-keeping-warming-below-15c-and-2c
Ritchie, H., Rosado, P., & Roser, M. (2023). CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions
Rong, G., & Qamruzzaman, M. (2022). Symmetric and asymmetric nexus between economic policy uncertainty, oil price, and renewable energy consumption in the United States, China, India, Japan, and South Korea: Does technological innovation influence? Frontiers in Energy Research, 10, 973557. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.973557
Samborska, V. (2024). How much have temperatures risen in countries across the world? Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/temperature-anomaly
Shahbaz, M., Ozturk, I., Afza, T., & Ali, A. (2013). Revisiting the environmental Kuznets curve in a global economy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 494–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.021
Sun, Y., Li, H., Andlib, Z., & Genie, M. G. (2022). How do renewable energy and urbanization cause carbon emissions? Evidence from advanced panel estimation techniques. Renewable Energy, 185, 996–1005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.12.112
Teräsvirta, T. (2010). Threshold Models. In S. N. Durlauf & L. E. Blume (Eds.), Macroeconometrics and Time Series Analysis (pp. 308–316). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230280830_34
United Nations Climate Change. (n.d.). El Acuerdo de París | CMNUCC. Retrieved August 27, 2025, from https://unfccc.int/es/acerca-de-las-ndc/el-acuerdo-de-paris
United Nations Environment Programme. (2024). Emissions Gap Report 2024: No more hot air … please! With a massive gap between rhetoric and reality, countries draft new climate commitments. United Nations Environment Programme. https://doi.org/10.59117/20.500.11822/46404
Waheed, R., Chang, D., Sarwar, S., & Chen, W. (2018). Forest, agriculture, renewable energy, and CO2 emission. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 4231–4238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.287
Walheer, B. (2018). Economic growth and greenhouse gases in Europe: A non-radial multi-sector nonparametric production-frontier analysis. Energy Economics, 74, 51–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2018.05.028
Wang, Q., Zhang, F., & Li, R. (2023). Revisiting the environmental kuznets curve hypothesis in 208 counties: The roles of trade openness, human capital, renewable energy and natural resource rent. Environmental Research, 216, 114637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114637
World Bank. (2024). World Bank Country and Lending Groups. World Bank Open Data. https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups