ISBN
979-13-87631-86-4
Fecha de publicación
08-04-2025
Licencia
D. R. © copyright 2025; Virginia Guadalupe López Torre y Virginia Margarita González Rosales.
Av. Álvaro Obregón y Julián Carrillo s/n, Col. Nueva. C.P. 21100. Mexicali, B. C., México
Sandra Lucia Quiñones Beltrán
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
0009-0007-0685-396X
Noah Malachi Kemp
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
0009-0008-0393-0736
Guadalupe Nathzidy Rivera Urbina
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
0000-0001-8102-4992
Luis Ángel Llamas Alonso
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
0000-0002-4736-769X
Acerca de
Estudiar la adolescencia desde una perspectiva neurobiológica es fundamental, dado que muchas dificultades emocionales y conductuales características de esta etapa se comprenden mejor al considerar que el cerebro aún está en desarrollo. La interacción entre diversos sistemas cerebrales influye en la toma de decisiones impulsivas y la aparición de conductas de riesgo, incluyendo la violencia, además de afectar el desempeño de funciones cognitivas superiores esenciales para el control y la autorregulación en la adultez.
Este capítulo se enfoca en analizar la conducta adolescente desde el desarrollo cerebral y funcional, destacando que los actos violentos constituyen una problemática compleja que involucra factores individuales, familiares, sociales y culturales. Por ello, es necesario presentar primero un marco contextual que define la violencia en la adolescencia, sus tipos, prevalencia y factores de riesgo y protección.
A continuación, se aborda el desarrollo cerebral del adolescente, con énfasis en los sistemas responsables de la regulación de la conducta, la reactividad emocional y el sistema de recompensa, cuya interacción puede ser disfuncional, especialmente en presencia de pares. Finalmente, se describe el estado de las funciones ejecutivas, como la toma de decisiones, flexibilidad cognitiva, autocontrol, planificación y regulación emocional, procesos clave en la conducta y emociones del adolescente.
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